YenzoWhat is E365 (sodium fumarate)?
Appendix 1 of Circular 24/2019/TT-BYT lists one function for the sodium fumarates: acidity regulator.
E365Sodium fumarate
E365 is sodium fumarate, the sodium salt of fumaric acid. In food it is used as an acidity regulator.
- Code
- E365 · INS 365
- Group
- Acidity regulator
In Vietnam✓ PermittedOn the list of permitted additives — Circular 24/2019, Appendix 1
Risk level on the Yenzo Scalevery low?Based on the Open Food Facts additives taxonomy
How E365 appears on labels
IngredientsIllustrative example
Wheat flour, vegetable oil, salt, sugar, acidity regulator (365), dried onion and garlic, pepper, natural colour (160a).
acidity regulator (365)acidity regulator 365E365INS 365On Vietnamese labels: Natri fumarat (các muối)
Sodium fumarate in food
Fermented vegetables
Frozen battered fishFried or cooked fish productsSmoked, dried, fermented or salted fishSalt substitutes
Coffee, tea and herbal drinksQuestions about sodium fumarate
Is sodium fumarate harmful?
In 1989 JECFA recorded a group ADI of "not specified" (no numerical ADI is needed) for fumaric acid and its salts, and kept it in 1999. This is a JECFA evaluation, not an EFSA one.
Is Sodium fumarates permitted in Vietnam?
Yes. The sodium fumarates (INS 365) are listed in Appendix 1 of Circular 24/2019/TT-BYT, the list of additives permitted in food.
Other acidity regulators
E357Potassium adipatevery lowE363Succinic acidvery lowE364Sodium succinatesvery lowE366Potassium fumaratevery lowE367Calcium fumaratevery lowE3701,4-Heptonolactonevery low
See all acidity regulators →Updated 23 October 2026
Sources (4)
- Open Food Facts additives taxonomy (Yenzo's table cites no EFSA opinion for this code). Open Food Facts additives taxonomy, https://github.com/openfoodfacts/openfoodfacts-server/blob/main/taxonomies/additives.txt (entry en:e365)
- Thông tư 24/2019/TT-BYT (văn bản hợp nhất 09/VBHN-BYT), Phụ lục 2A: nhóm thực phẩm được phép dùng INS 365
- JECFA evaluation summary: Monosodium fumarate (INS 365) (IPCS INCHEM, WHO/FAO)
- Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 on food additives (consolidated text of 18.08.2026): Article 16 and Annex II, Part E, category 13.1 (foods for infants and young children)