E339 covers the sodium phosphates, sodium salts of phosphoric acid: sodium dihydrogen phosphate (339(i)), disodium hydrogen phosphate (339(ii)) and trisodium phosphate (339(iii)). In food they adjust acidity, hold moisture and help keep products stable.
Did you know? EFSA's group ADI of 40 mg/kg body weight covers phosphorus from natural sources as well as from additives, so EFSA estimated intake from the total phosphorus measured in foods rather than from additive use levels.
EFSA (2019) found that intake in children can exceed the ADI. On the Yenzo Scale this finding does not raise the risk level by itself.
about 2.6 g a daythat is 2,600 mg
Wheat flour, vegetable oil, salt, sugar, acidity regulator (339), dried onion and garlic, pepper, natural colour (160a).
Sources: Codex CXG 36-1989, Class Names and the International Numbering System (INS)
Appendix 1 of Circular 24/2019/TT-BYT lists these functions for the sodium phosphates: acidity regulator, emulsifier, emulsifying salt, humectant, sequestrant, stabilizer and thickener; sodium dihydrogen phosphate is also a raising agent and trisodium phosphate also a preservative.
In 2019 EFSA set a group ADI of 40 mg/kg body weight per day, expressed as phosphorus, for the phosphate additives (E338–E341, E343, E450–E452). EFSA noted that in one estimated scenario intake by infants, toddlers and other children exceeded this ADI.
Yes. Sodium dihydrogen phosphate (INS 339(i)), disodium hydrogen phosphate (INS 339(ii)) and trisodium phosphate (INS 339(iii)) are listed in Appendix 1 of Circular 24/2019/TT-BYT, the list of additives permitted in food.
In the EU, additives may not be used in foods for infants and young children unless Annex II of Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 provides for it. Annex II lists E339 in categories 13.1.1 (infant formulae), 13.1.2 (follow-on formulae), 13.1.3 (processed cereal-based foods and baby foods, only cereals) and 13.1.5.1 (dietary foods for infants for special medical purposes and special formulae for infants). The Regulation has no separate provision for pregnant women. If you have a particular health condition, ask a doctor.
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